Which of the following groupings of fish families are commonly recognized in tropical or temperate waters?

The grouping of butterflyfish, angelfish, and surgeonfish is commonly recognized in both tropical and temperate waters as they all belong to the order Perciformes, specifically within the suborder Acanthopterygii. These families are known for their vibrant colors and are often found in coral reef environments, which are predominantly located in tropical oceans but can also extend into warmer temperate waters.

Butterflyfish and angelfish are particularly associated with coral reefs, while surgeonfish are often found in similar habitats. Their distribution, ecological roles, and feeding behaviors highlight their adaptability to these aquatic environments.

In contrast, the other options mix species that do not commonly inhabit the same types of environments or belong to the same biological classifications. Flounders and frogs do not belong to the same family or even primarily share the same aquatic habitats as turtles, which are reptiles. Trout, salmon, and catfish, while they may be found in freshwater ecosystems, are typically not associated with tropical marine environments. Thus, the selected answer is the only grouping that consistently relates to both tropical and temperate marine waters.