How many times more easily does hemoglobin bind with carbon monoxide compared to oxygen?

Hemoglobin's affinity for carbon monoxide is significantly higher than for oxygen, and this disparity is a critical aspect of understanding both respiratory physiology and the dangers associated with carbon monoxide exposure. Hemoglobin can bind with carbon monoxide about 200 times more easily than it binds with oxygen.

This increased affinity occurs because the molecular structure of carbon monoxide allows it to fit into the oxygen-binding sites on hemoglobin effectively, forming a stable complex. When carbon monoxide is present, it competes with oxygen for these binding sites. As a result, even a small concentration of carbon monoxide can displace oxygen from hemoglobin, leading to hypoxia, as the body is unable to receive the necessary oxygen for cellular function.

Understanding this significant difference in binding affinity is crucial for divers and anyone involved in activities where carbon monoxide exposure might be a risk, thereby highlighting the importance of proper ventilation and monitoring of environments where combustion gases may accumulate.